Unexplained Weight Loss

Unexplained Weight Loss

Unexplained weight loss is a noticeable drop in body weight that occurs even if the person is not trying to lose weight. It can be a symptom of a serious illness, including cancer or diabetes. Treatment involves identifying the underlying cause.

Causes

Unexplained weight loss has many causes, both medical and non-medical. Often, a combination of factors results in a general decline in health and related weight loss. Most often, medical disorders that cause weight loss include other symptoms. Sometimes a specific cause isn’t found.

Unexplained weight loss can be caused by conditions that range from mild to very serious. The causes can be physical or psychological and include:

• An overactive or underactive thyroid gland (helps regulate body temperature, heart rate, and metabolism).
• Cancer
• Crohn’s disease (inflammation of the bowels)
• Heart failure
• Addison’s disease (adrenal glands don’t produce enough cortisol and aldosterone)
• Parkinson’s disease
• AIDS
• Gastrointestinal problems (peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis)
• Dental problems
• Depression or anxiety
• Side effects of prescription medications
• Celiac disease (allergy to gluten)
• Diabetes
• A parasitic infection
• Drug abuse
• Undiagnosed eating disorders
• Swelling of the pancreas
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Dysphagia (swallowing problems)
• Dementia

Diagnosis and Tests

When should I see a doctor about unexplained weight loss?

You should consult your physician if you have lost more than 5 percent of your body weight or 10 pounds without trying in a period of 6 to 12 months. This is especially important if you have other symptoms, too.

Management and Treatment

How is unexplained weight loss treated?

Unexplained weight loss is treated by identifying the underlying condition causing the weight loss. If no underlying condition is identified right away, your doctor may recommend a wait-and-see approach, along with a special diet.